5 Not This . . . But That Parallelism Problems

5 Not This . . . But That Parallelism Problems 5 â€Å"Not This . . . But That† Parallelism Problems 5 â€Å"Not This . . . But That† Parallelism Problems By Mark Nichol Just as â€Å"not only . . . but also† constructions often stymie writers (see this recent post on the topic, and search the Daily Writing Tips site for â€Å"not only . . . but also† to find several others), similar syntactical phrasing can be difficult to form correctly. 1. â€Å"The movie achieves its effects, not by threatening to show you something hideous, but by getting under your skin and into your head.† This sentence constructs the comparative phrases (â€Å"not by [this] but by [that]†) correctly, but the internal punctuation is superfluous: â€Å"The movie achieves its effects not by threatening to show you something hideous but by getting under your skin and into your head.† 2. â€Å"I caution her not to rely so heavily on what she thinks others would do, but on her own intuition.† Because the verb rely applies to both comparative phrases, as achieves does in the first example, both the phrase beginning with not and the one beginning with but should follow the verb; the phrase describing the recommended strategy should also be revised to more thoroughly parallel the description of the person’s original approach: â€Å"I caution her to rely not so heavily on what she thinks others would do but to depend, rather, on her intuition.† 3. â€Å"He films it in a way that doesn’t suggest good taste, but colossal presumption and delusion.† This sentence has the same error of parallelism as the preceding one; the verb suggest should precede both the not phrase (here, its beginning is disguised as doesn’t) and the but phrase: â€Å"He films it in a way that suggests not good taste but colossal presumption and delusion.† 4. â€Å"But the story here is not one of privacy infringement so much as the way real estate is changing because of technology.† The comparative phrasing here is incomplete; a repetition of is within a mirroring verb phrase must be inserted before the concluding phrase: â€Å"But the story here is not one of privacy infringement so much as it is the way real estate is changing because of technology.† 5. â€Å"They accomplished this task both by utilizing the built-in transformation tools and creating their own.† Both is correctly positioned only if by is repeated before the verb in the second part of the compound phrase: â€Å"They accomplished this task both by utilizing the built-in transformation tools and by creating their own.† Otherwise, both should switch places with by: â€Å"They accomplished this task by both utilizing the built-in transformation tools and creating their own.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational WritingThat vs. WhichList of 50 Compliments and Nice Things to Say!

How to Answer this Interview Question Honestly

How to Answer this Interview Question Honestly In the interview, things are going along well. Maybe you’ve aced the small talk with the interviewer, and have created a rapport as you skip through the standard interview questions about five-year plans and that time you problem-solved the heck out of something. Then your new buddy looks you in the eye and asks for your honesty. For example, â€Å"Tell me what you’d do if your boss came up with an idea you hated.† Or â€Å"Tell me something negative you’ve heard about this company.† Just two new friends (and probable future coworkers) having a candid moment, right? Well, partly yes. But mostly no. The interview is still on, remember, and you need to answer it as an A+ candidate. How do you navigate this interview question?DO make sure you’ve got straightforward body language.Fidgeting, avoiding eye contact, all of those things make it look like you’re scrambling for an answer- or worse, making something up.DON’T disparage the c ompany or your hypothetical boss with the terrible idea.Going negative can be tempting to show what a badass shark you are, but keep in mind that this might not be so hypothetical to the interviewer. She might be your boss with the terrible idea at some point. Try to keep the tone positive no matter what:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I think an idea is a starting point for conversation.† Or â€Å"I did see the news reports last week about the company accidentally poisoning baby seals, but I think there are two sides to every story, and I’d want to know more about the situation that goes beyond the headlines.†DON’T gossip.If the company was all over the news last week for poisoning baby seals, then sure, it’s okay to go ahead and mention that particular elephant in the room if you’re asked about negative things you’ve heard. Otherwise, it’s likely the interviewer is fishing to see what the industry is saying about his company- or at the very least, trying to gauge whether you’re coming in with a particular agenda.This is especially likely to come up if your current/last job was at a competitor. You’re not a double agent, so don’t let them play you like one. If you’re pressed, be positive. â€Å"I can’t recall anything particularly negative, but I was interested in learning more about [aspect of company], if you’d like to talk more about that.DO see this as an opportunity to reflect back on your own skills.For the question on how you’d disagree with a boss or colleague, use an example of a time you faced different perspectives in a previous job. For the â€Å"what have you heard?† question, emphasize that what you have heard about the company dovetails with your goals, and that’s why you’re so interested in working with them.DON’T be brutally honest.Be tactful and positive instead. Remember, there’s Regular You, and there’s Professional You. There are, necessarily, differences between the two. Always err on the side of Professional You, even if Regular You would talk smack about the company off the record, or if Regular You would roll your eyes at a boss’s ludicrous idea. The interviewer needs to know you’re a team player, and this is a good place to show off your diplomacy skills.So in short: don’t go too negative, and if you need to, umm, massage what you really think, make sure it comes off as a straightforward response.

Research Paper proposal & annotated bibliography

Paper & annotated bibliography - Research Proposal Example I will carry out extensive literary analysis in order to discover the ideas that various authors front in their own discourses. Numerous authors and researchers have investigated the cultural manifestation and impacts of the war in the American society. I will therefore investigate and use three of the most cited works thereby drawing conclusion based on their ideologies of the authors. The three books include In discussing the history of the Vietnam War, Anderson explains the influence that such effects had on the American culture. The author explains the extensive use of radio among other media in enhancing the spread of the culture both in the United States and throughout the world. According to the book, the war led to systematic change of culture as captured by various media. The author draws his references from poetry, films, memoirs and journalism among others at the time. He explains that the works often conveyed three unique thematic features including home, wound and the voice. The three were significant in constructing the post war culture. American became increasingly patriotic with a heightening desire to protect their rights while developing comfortable, safe and secure homes for themselves. This validates the flamboyant experienced at the time as the society became conscious of the effects of war. The book provides an in-depth analysis of the cultural effects of the war and is therefore a vital resource in my research. Just as the title suggests, the encyclopedia provides an in-depth analysis of the cultural effects of the Vietnam War in the United States. As such, the encyclopedia is a phenomenal piece that discusses the importance of the war not only to the American culture but to the global culture as well. The authors assert that the United States is a major economy, one that influences the cultural developments globally. As such, the country enhanced the

Economic Issues Relating to The Tourism Industry of France Essay

Economic Issues Relating to The Tourism Industry of France - Essay Example ndustry of France Tourism adds to the vitality of the national economy and creates almost one million employments, which mainly comprises of young people. Atout France is the national agency that is working as the main body in promoting the tourism industry of France. From the year 1960 till 1980 tourism has lead to the creation of huge numbers of infrastructure and large developmental programs both in the mountains and the coast, which has extended mass tourism, creation of winter sports, attraction to the coast and sundrenched area. Due to the infrastructural developments and the facilities created that was a major subject under the national plan has lead to the economic development of these areas. The tourism industry has also caused development of the transportation facilities to enhance the convenience of the tourists. Thus the tourism industry has done a major contribution towards the economy of France (Blanke and Chiesa, 2013; Euromonitor International, 2013). Tourism industry has been seen to be successfully exploiting the collective marks. France is not an exception in this case. An association of hoteliers are tied together with the motto to promote the privately owned hotels that are operating in rural settings under the same label â€Å"Logis de France† which is the registered trademark. The main objective of such a concept is to provide quality food and services that has a local flavor in them. They wanted to prevent the rural area from getting abandoned and create new product that adds value by attaching a label, which compels the hotels to adhere to the strict criteria. There are nearly 3000 hotels that are registered under this association and are operating not only in France but have expanded their business outside France too. The hotels are grouped as... This essay is one of the best examples of the modern analysis of the French tourism industry. France is a country that has highest density of museums, monuments and festivals. Since 1990s it has been placed at the number one position in ranking of tourist destination. Due to the infrastructural developments and the facilities created, tourism industry was a major subject under the national plan has lead to the economic development of these areas. The tourism industry has also caused development of the transportation facilities to enhance the convenience of the tourists. Tourism industry has been seen to be successfully exploiting the collective marks.. An association of hoteliers are tied together with the motto to promote the privately owned hotels that are operating in rural settings under the same label â€Å"Logis de France† which is the registered trademark. The main objective of such a concept is to provide quality food and services that has a local flavor in them. France continues to attract tourists from various parts of the world by its rich cultural heritage and creative industries. Along with this the country also excels in infrastructure of ground transports that include both roads and railways as well as excellent infrastructure in air transport. But a recent report published by World Economic Forum shows that France lack competiveness in the global tourism industry. In recent times the overall regulations and rules framed by the government are not supportive and helpful in promoting the industry.

Work From Home Essay Example for Free

Work From Home Essay Are you tired of the common grind you must deal with on a daily basis? Does you current job leave you with limited career and salary opportunities? If so, have you thought of going into business for yourself and working from home? Now, some may assume that such an option is really not possible and that all those advertised work from home pitches are gimmicks and scams. Well, the reality of the matter is that working from home is the wave of the self-employed future and it brings with it a number of opportunities to earn significant income. One of the best resources for earning additional income working from home is Poly Promotions ProfitableJobs. com as it provides a multitude of ideas for wealth creation. Often, many of the ideas offered by ProfitableJobs. com are relatively simply concepts that are often overlooked, but are also consistently successful. In todays day an age, there are a number of options that are available to people that previously did not exist prior. Because of the great expansion of the internet and other forms of communication the ability to work from home has become a reality. Of society has shifted many times over the past centuries as it has gone from an agricultural based society to an industrial based society and now to a technological based society. In the past, there were no home computers, notebooks or iPods. Today, because we have such great access to a number of technological/communicative devices the ability to work from home differs very little from heading into the office to work. This has opened a plethora of financial opportunities for an individual to take advantage. Every week after initially signing up, ProfitableJobs. com will send you a series of email tips for work at home money making opportunities. Most of these opportunities involve very little start up money and are not complex ventures to take part in. As such, there is no reason not to take advantage of these opportunities as they bring a variety of benefits not the least of which may be financial independence.

Movie Piracy is Stealing Essay -- essays research papers

With the growing number of internet users participating in movie piracy, this creates a network of users who no longer need to go the movie theatre or video store to watch a movie. Movie piracy has grown enormously in the past few years making it easier than ever to find box office releases with the simple click of a button. This creates a world where it is okay to steal billions of dollars from movie producers, because most of those participating in piracy see nothing wrong with it. Although there are consequences for downloading copyrighted content, it is nearly impossible to prosecute each user who is downloading a particular movie. Instead of relying on punishing those who are downloading the content, it is most important to make this content unavailable getting rid of this problem altogether. In a recent survey conducted on 3600 internet users in nine countries, it was reported by the Motion Picture Association of America that twenty-four percent of internet users have downloaded a movie over the internet, and seventeen percent of those who hadn’t said they expect to start within the next year (Pruitt). Just about any internet user can easily find and download a movie within a few hours by typing its name into a search engine. With this method being more convenient and less costly than going to the movie theatre, it should not be a surprise that so many people are doing it. â€Å"Only two years ago, it took 72 days to get a highly watchable version of "Finding Nemo" online.† (Hernandez) Today, in the world of movie piracy this would rarely happen though. Most box office releases are available online within a few days or even hours of the box office release. â€Å"Last summer's blockbuster "Spider-Man 2," for example, was downloadable in first-rate form within seven hours of its premiere to the public†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hernandez). This shows that movie piracy is becoming more important to internet users, and piracy will continue to grow unless something is done about the problem. With the availability of pirated movies being so great, you cannot place all the blame on those who are downloading the files, or buying the bootlegs. The problem is those who make these files available. The website vcdquality.com lists releases of pirated movies, and the source of the release. The most common source for movie releases is CAM or telesync (VCDQuality). This means th... ...g hands, making it almost impossible to determine the source of piracy. For this reason copy protection must be implemented into DVD screeners. With the growth of technology and the other forms of copy protection currently available it is a surprise to me that this has not already been implemented. Napster currently uses a form of copy protection on their music file that does not allow them to be copied or played without the license. If this was implemented into screeners and DVDs in general this would cut down on piracy drastically. With the problem being so widespread and the solution being so straight forward it is a surprise that barely anything has been done to prevent piracy. Security is used in just about every aspect of life, and the problem of piracy is just as extensive as that of shoplifting, Even to use the same security in a movie theatre as you would in a department store makes perfect sense. With security in movie theatres currently being next to nothing and copy protection on DVDs being unheard of, the amount of piracy that occurs should not surprise us. We are living in the digital age where we should expect these types of activities and take the proper action.

Coyote Community College Essay

This paper tends to discuss the and review the types of measures included in each perspective of the Coyote Community College such as Funder/financial perspective, Student/participant perspective, Internal Process perspective, and Innovation and process perspective. In addition, this review paper also discusses about how these said perspectives are measured based from the description of the college and even the college’s environment. The Funder/Financial view includes the measures: State revenues ? Tuition and fees revenues ? Grant and foundation funding ? direct costs (Evans & 2007) The Student/Participant view includes the measures: Enrollment ? % of the citizen’s participating in programs and also events ? Student goal attainment ? Number of students completing their occupational degree and certificate programs ? passing rates on licensure and Certification exams ? Certificate programs ? Student success at transfer institutions ? Graduate placement rate ? Graduate hourly rage ? New Mexico state competency examination pass rates ? Student persistence ? course completion rate ? % Technology delivered offerings ? Responsiveness to request for courses and workshops ? Student/stakeholder satisfaction with programs and instructional services (Evans & 2007) The Internal Process view includes the measures: High value content of curricula ? Cycle time for curricula development ? Implementation of individualized learning ? Learner involvement in active learning ? Basic skills improvement ? Attainment of program competencies ? ESL/Remedial preparation for college eligibility ? Access for underserved groups ? Student satisfaction with student services ? Student satisfaction with support process The Innovation and Resource view includes the measures: Faculty/Staff satisfaction surveys ? Faculty/Staff retention ? ESL expertise ? Training and development in key areas ? Faculty and Staff technology tool availability ? Investment in technology to support learning programs (Evans & 2007) How measures are made In order to put the inputs for measuring each of the Coyote Community Colleges’ perspectives, they uses the â€Å"LEARN Philosophy† which basically stands for Learning Excellence, Assessment, and Recognize Needs (Evans & 200). The balanced scorecard that they use is called the LEARN board. It is explained that the institution’s stakeholders are represented although the four perspectives of the LEARNing board, since it is systemized in this kind of measurement, the leadership team are able to balance all of its stakeholder’s needs (Evans & 2007). In order to make and complete these measures on each and every perspective, the Vice President and the Dean of Instruction conducts a monthly meeting with the managers of the different offices’ reports. They do this to gain the reports regarding with the progress reviews towards their certain goals (Evans & 200). On the simplest explanation, the actual of the institution are obliged to submit their annual report to the Leadership Team, who on the other hand, summarizes all the performance made. This performance includes the relevant learning board measures during the current academic year. Therefore, in order to do the systemized measuring, the institution collects all the data from each and every actual, and then summarizes it to figure out whether they did or did not meet their institution’s goal. They base their measuring from all their institution’s perspectives. References Evans, J. R. , & , W. M. L. (2007). Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence (7th ed. ): Thomson South-Western.

God’s Intervention in the world Essay

Explain what is meant by the bible describing God as a miracle worker? Miracles have been reported all over the world for thousands of years. In most scenarios miracles are related to God, and the activity of God within the world suggesting God’s imminence. The world miracle originates from the word â€Å"miraculum† meaning a thing of wonder. It is an interruption to the processes of nature that cannot be explained by natural laws and therefore a transgression. An interruption such as this normally bears some deeper and usually religious significance. The bible recites many ideas of miracles by either God or though Jesus. Within the old testament the story of Joshua and the Israelites. This story explains how he took his army to defend a place called Gibeon and that God was on the side of Joshua and helps them defeat the enemies of Gibeon. God does this by the interruption of natural laws such as pro longing the days, and throwing down a storm of hail. Other texts within the bible suggest miracles performed by God. For example during the story of Moses where he parts the reed sea in order for the Israelites to escape from the Egyptians. Another way miracles are shown within the bible is through Jesus. This is shown in such miracles as the feeding of 5000 and healing of the paralysed man Jesus was told to even bring people back to life. The bible uses these miracles to show Gods immanence within the world and his the relationship between God and humanity. â€Å"miracles make it difficult to believe in a reliable god† The idea of miracles is that they defy the laws of nature. That God Is transcendent but shows his power and goodness by interacting within the world as a miracle worker. For many who have experienced miracles they see it as an experience with God, for an example the theopany between God and Moses. However many issues are raised by the idea of God interfering in the lives of others. Firstly, some people see miracles as being morally unfair. They would say that if God was all good why would he interfere in the lives of some and not others. Why would a good God chose to help certain people and leave others to suffer. For example God helped the Jews many times within the bible whether it be in the story of Moses, Joshua or the feeding of 5000. However let them suffer through persecution so badly during the holocaust of world war two. Not only this but through the stories of Joshua and Moses God is choosing to help some people, in this case the Israelites but not the Egyptians or the enemies of Gibeon if God is the creator of everything in order to be morally correct God should be fair and just. Furthermore in some accounts of miracles from the bible God chooses to help a single person, how would God chose who to help and who to stay in suffering if God was just and fair. A miracle itself therefore contradicts Gods omnibenevolence. Miracles also make God uncertain. According to religious believers God is the creator of everything â€Å"creation ex nihilo† and yet for a miracle to exist God must work against his own creation to create a miracle. This questions God’s immanence as it goes against the idea that God is omniscient and never changing. By producing miracles the original laws created by God are uncertain and changeable. Why would a God that is all God and powerful need to work against his own creation there should be no need for miracles. â€Å"God looked as his work and saw it was good.† How could God be the creator of the earth and want to change how it works?Maurice wiles would agree with this arguing that God couldn’t intervene on an individual level without undermining his whole creation. And that a good who could reject some suffering whilst choosing to help others it not worthy of worship. Although many follow this argument there are those who would say there does not need to be a choice between natural law and miracles, that they can co exist within the same world. That science can only develop by accepting new ideas of which miracles could be one. Also that miracles can have the same sorts of evidence as that of science, accounts by people, memories or physical traces left behind. David Hume is another philosopher who rejects that a reliable God cannot be a God of miracles. He suggests that miracles have nothing to do with God and that those talk of experiencing miraculous events are â€Å"barbarous† â€Å"ignorant† and â€Å"gullible† By this he means that the idea of God creating miracle is simply an excuse for those who cannot understand the true and natural reason for the occurrence. On the other hand there are those who would argue with the ideas of Hume and others sharing that opinion. They would say that although it is questionable as to whether miracles exist and are caused by God there is and equal lack of evidence to deny the occurrence of miracles. Equally that for a religious person it is not to question how God interacts within the world, just to have faith and accept that God is omnipotent, omni benevolent etc and that God must perform these miracles for a reason that is beyond the understanding of humans but is for a good cause.

Enhancing Performance

Enhancing Performance Ethical issues that have circulated in the world of sports have been around for years, ranging from the use of performance enhancing drugs to holding athletes on a higher pedestal than the rest of society. With more endorsement deals and how professional sports as a business is growing and changing, the more issues arise. One of the biggest concerns that have been pondered for years in sports is the implementation of random drug testing. It has never been recognized in any professional sport to this day. Even though there can been random in many other professions, it seems that athletes once again are being held to a different set of standards than that of the rest of us. If other jobs are subject to random drug screenings, that why should professional sports be any different?There is a multitude of stakeholders in this type of situation. Ranging from the athletes, they themselves get tested, to the fans that purchase the tickets to see them play.Any Lab Test Drug Testing LabFrom the athlete's standpoint, they see it as an infringement on their personal rights as human beings. Their case is such that they see random drug testing, or even scheduled drug testing, a violation of their personal privacy. In other such cases, when an athlete has tried to take the situation to court after being tested positive for illegal substances, they blame the handlers and testers of the samples for the tests results being positive."Despite the attention paid to quality control, doping cases are often taken to court by the athlete concerned in an attempt to find weak points in the testing process and thusinvalidate the results. Usually the focus is on administrative aspects related to sample collection, sealing and transportation. However, concerns about the analytical work carried out in the...

How to Teach Latitude and Longitude

How to Teach Latitude and Longitude Heres an easy way to teach latitude and longitude. The teacher should model each of the following steps which only takes about 10 minutes. Steps Use a large wall map or overhead map.Create a latitude/longitude chart on the board. See Related Features below for an example.Hand out blank charts like the one on the board for students to complete with you.Select three cities to demonstrate.For Latitude: Find the equator. Determine if the city is north or south of the equator. Mark N or S in the chart on the board.Determine which two lines of latitude the city is in between.Show how to determine the midpoint by splitting the difference between the two lines from step seven.Determine if the city is closer to the midpoint or one of the lines.Estimate the latitude degrees and write the answer in the chart on the board.For longitude: Find the prime meridian. Determine if the city is east or west of the prime meridian. Mark E or W in the chart on the board.Determine which two lines of longitude the city is in between.Determine the midpoint by splitting the difference between the two lines.Determine if the city is closer to the midpoint or one of the lines. Estimate the longitude degrees and write the answer in the chart on the board. Tips Emphasize that latitude always measures north and south, and longitude always measures east and west.Stress that when doing the measuring, students should be hopping from line to line, not dragging their fingers along one line. Otherwise, they will be measuring in the wrong direction. Materials Wall or overhead mapChalkboardChalk

Essay on Daoism Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

On Daoism - Essay Example In addition to the scenario, quest of Western materialism for peace has also provided Daoism with the opportunity for huge appreciation as a philosophical discipline. According to Eva Wong â€Å"Many people will experience, at least once in their lifetime, the urge to venture beyond the everyday world of the mundane into the world of spirit. These journeys into the spiritual world often take us into a universe we normally do not encounter in our daily lives, and allow us to explore regions of our consciousness that we have not before known† (1). While the Western philosophical discipline often fails to answer an individual’s questions regarding spiritual consciousness, Daoism, in this context, has been regarded as an effective source to solve these queries: â€Å"The spiritual landscape of Taoism is a kaleidoscope of colors and sounds. It is also a land of silence and stillness. It can be friendly and attractive, and at the same time challenging and dangerous† (W ong 1). Irrespective of the fact that it is quite difficult to restrain Daoism within a particular time frame, however, it can be said approximately that in A.D. 215 journey of Daoism commenced as a religious discipline through initiatives of Cao Cao (Robinet, and Brooks 2). Like all the major religious disciplines Daoism is still very much alive and continuously evolving. Though Cao Cao can be identified as a prime figure in recognizing Daoism, however, it has been widely argued that Daoism has never been founded and it is continuously evolving through different dimensions of human lives (Hu, and Allen 6). Daoism as a Religious Discipline: The literal meaning of Dao or Tao is â€Å"the way, the road people walk on† (Hu, and Allen 3). There are numerous instances of wide usage of the terminology in various philosophical disciplines of ancient China and consequently also makes it clear that Daoism cannot be confined within scope a particular philosophical domain; rather the ev aluative capacity of this discipline is actually a result of different ideologies: â€Å"The â€Å"Tao† of the Tao Te Ching (Daodejing, Taoism’s foremost sacred text) was actually only one of many understandings of the word in ancient China. However, just as the â€Å"Tao† of the Tao Te Ching is the original force that encompasses all, the religion and philosophical system inspired by Tao Te Ching has also demonstrated inclusiveness by incorporating many other ancient understandings of the word into Taoism itself† (Hu, and Allen 3-4). Thus, the vast expanse of Daoism encompasses almost all dimensions of human life, especially in the Chinese cultural context. This integrity is one of the main reasons that the differencing limits between being Daoist and being Chinese is often blurred. Apart from scholarly and academic disciplines, the common people of China also encounter the problem when it comes to differentiating between being a Daoist and being a Chine se. The evolutionary process of the religious and philosophic discipline is so deeply associated with every dimension of Chinese socio-cultural existence that starting from daily life style, attitude towards life, personal philosophy, healthcare and even different incidents of the Chinese social history bear the evidence of the influence of Daoism: â€Å"Taoism has interacted with integrated many elements of what is now recognized as Chinese civilization, and,

Knowledge Management as an Important Part in the Global Economy Essay

Knowledge Management as an Important Part in the Global Economy - Essay Example This will be followed by the current practices that are being used by employers to attract the best candidates to their firm in the first place, which will be supplemented by examples from different organizations on how they monitor employee satisfaction, assess the required parameters and implement steps to motivate and retain the employees. In the process of  determining  the means to attract employees, the specific role of the HRM departments in different companies will be identified, in ascertaining what successful measures these departments (who is they? make sure your pronoun references are clear)  implemented and how these have contributed to competitive advantage. The need and parameters that are essential for determining the characteristics pertaining to employees’ retention will be identified, i.e, ( i.e.)((is i.e. what you want here? is the meaning clear?)  high turnover of employees is damaging to a firm. The views of experts on what retention measures can be adopted by the HRM department will form the concluding and most important part of the Literature Review.  The operational procedures  determine the employee retention and attrition rates and provide insight into the factors responsible for forcing an employee to seek alternative solutions externally. The HRM departments must take these factors into consideration while devising new plans and strategies to retain employees through the use of confidence-building measures. Journal articles dealing with the subject of retention were retrieved using databases such as ProQuest and Emerald. The search terms that were used include most common words associated with employees and their satisfaction such as  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœemployee satisfaction’, ‘employee retention, ‘employee attrition’  etc. These searches elicited several journal articles that were useful in assessing the importance of retention as well as retention strategies. Additionally, several books on  Human resource management were also consulted in order to derive supporting material that could be used.